Few of us deal with garden ponds and/or waterfalls on a daily basis. But if you're looking to put one in your yard, it is essential that you learn some basic terms to help you as you endeavor to install and maintain a garden pond and/or waterfall as a part of your landscape. The following terms and definitions will help you know how to have a productive and intelligent conversation regarding garden ponds and waterfalls.
acclimate
When an organism adapts to changes in the environment.
acidic
pH value less than seven.
activated carbon
Material used to purify water and remove chlorine.
aeration pump
A pump that injects air into the water.
aerobic
Requires oxygen.
aeromonas
Water bacteria that can hurt fish
algae
Microscopic organisms like plants but have no stems, roots or flowers
Also known as: green water algae, multi-celled string algae
algaecide
Chemical that controls the growth of algae
alkaline
pH value greater than seven.
alluvial
Sediments deposited by flowing water.
ammonia
Colorless, odorless form of nitrogen toxic to pond fish.
anaerobic
No oxygen.
aphids
A common garden pest-small insects found on plants
aquatic plant
Plants that can grow in water.
bacteria
A single-cell organism with no nucleus.
ballast
Ultraviolet light supply that is used to regulate electric currents
ball valve
Valve used to regulate water flow through a pipe.
barb
Fitting for pipe that can take any size vinyl tubing
bare roots
Plants with the soil removed from their roots.
bio load
Capacity of a habitat to support plants and animals.
bio mass
Weight of organisms per unit area or volume.
biological filter
Filters that house media for nitrogen-consuming bacteria to live on and colonize.
bottom drain
Installed in the pond bottom to be used as a continuous intake for the pump and filtration system or to be used occasionally to flush debris from the pond.
buffer
Substance dissolved in the water that helps stabilize pH.
bulkhead
Special plastic fitting to provide a watertight seal through a plastic container or a flexible pond liner.
check valve
Used to provide flow through a pipe in one direction only.
Also known as: foot valve
chloramines
Non-evaporating chemical in municipal water supplies that is poisonous to fish
chlorine
Evaporating chemical commonly used in municipal water supplies that is poisonous to fish
chlorosis
Nutrient, mineral or disease deficiency indicated by foliage turning yellow. This is toxic to fish and aquatic plants.
crown
Part of the plant at soil level where stems and roots meet, and new shoots are produced.
dechlorinator
Pond treatment to remove chlorine from tap water to make it safe for pond life.
decomposition
Breakdown of matter by bacteria and fungi.
de-icer
Unit placed in the pond to maintain a hole in the ice that forms on the pond surface.
direct drive pump
Pump connected directly to the motor.
disappearing fountain
A water feature consisting of a fountain with no open water; the water spills from the fountain into an underground basin where it is recirculated back through the fountain.
ecosystem
Self-supporting community in which living and non-living things interact.
emergent
Foliage that rises about the water from submerged rooted plants.
Also known as: emerse
enzyme
Protein that helps speed up a chemical reaction such as the breakdown of organic debris.
ethylene propylene diene monomer
Material from which most flexible pond liner is made.
Also known as: EPDM
eutrophic
Nutrient rich, high organic growth levels.
external pump
Water pump that sits outside the water with an intake line going into the pond or skimmer.
Also known as: in-line pump
filter
Unit designed to clean the pond water
filter media
Material in a filter that traps debris in a mechanical filter or provides surface for beneficial bacteria in a biological filter.
flex PVC
Flexible version of PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
floater
Plant that lives and grows free floating on the surface of water, foliage may rise above, roots counter balance the foliage.
flocculent
Treatment that causes suspended organics to clump, which then will sink to the pond bottom.
fountain
Water feature with broad scope.
female pipe thread
Connection type using female (inside) threads.
Also known as: FPT
friction head
Resistance from pipe and fittings as the water flows through pipe.
fungus
Organism that feeds by absorbing nutrient through its outer cells.
gallons per hour
Unit used to measure water flow.
Also known as: GPH
gate valve
Valve used in fully opened or closed operation.
Also known as: knife valve
general hardness
Measurement of Calcium and Magnesium.
Also known as: GH
hardiness
The ability of a plant to withstand winter cold.
hardness
Quality of water mostly caused by excess Calcium and Magnesium.
head pressure
The total of static head, friction head, and pressure head that is used to size the pump of a pond.
indigenous
Existing naturally within the local region.
in-line pump
Water pump that sits outside the water with an intake line going into the pond or skimmer.
Also known as: external pump
invasive
Plants that spread out of control
carbonate hardness
The measurement of carbonate and bi-carbonate in the water.
Also known as: KH
kilowatt
Electrical unit of power equal to 1000 watts or 1.341 horsepower.
Also known as: KW
kilowatt-hour
Basic unit of electrical energy that equals one kilowatt of power applied for one hour.
Also known as: KWH
koi pond
Water feature which has the main focus of koi (fish); Koi ponds typically have few if any plants, are deeper than most water gardens and should have much greater filtration.
loam
Fertile soil with a high proportion of well-decomposed organic matter, sand, silt and clay.
magnetic drive pump
Pumps whose impeller is not connected directly to the motor. Instead the motor and impeller are each connected to magnets. As the motor spins its magnet, the other magnet spins which causes the impeller to turn.
marginal
Plants that have roots fully immersed with foliage at or above the surface. Can also refer to the shallow area of a pond.
mechanical filter
Unit that mechanically removes particles from the water.
male pipe thread
Connection type using male (outside) threads.
Also known as: MPT
mucus
Slimey coating, usually a bacteria resistant barrier.
mulm
Decomposed organic material that settles in ponds.
nitrate
Form of nitrogen that is less toxic than other forms of nitrogen, used by plants.
Also known as: NO3
nitrite
Toxic form of nitrogen; product of nitrification by beneficial bacteria.
Also known as: NO2
pH
The measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of the water, and therefore of its acidity or alkalinity.
parasite
An organism that lives by feeding off of other host organisms.
pathogen
Any organism that causes disease.
perennial
Any plant that lives more than three years.
phytofilter
Natural filtration using plants.
pondless waterfall
A water feature consisting of a waterfall only, with no open water.
Also known as: disappearing waterfall
pond liner
The flexible material that forms the waterproofing barrier between the water and the excavation below.
prefilter
Mechanical filter placed before the pump inlet to minimize clogging of the pump.
pressure head
Additional pressure required by some filters.
pressurized filter
A filter that is completely enclosed.
pseudomonas
Bacteria found in water that aids in organic decomposition but also causes infections in fish.
puddling
Making clay pond sides watertight by pounding or trampling.
reservoir
Body of water collected and stored usually at the head of the waterfall or stream.
rhizome
In-ground plant stem from which roots and shoots form.
root bound
Growing a plant in the same container too long forcing the roots to become tangled and grow in circles; roots must be carefully loosened when repotted.
runoff
water that flows over the ground and reaches a stream or pond as a result of rainfall; best to divert runoff so it does not go into the pond
salinity
Amount of salt dissolved in a given volume of water.
saturation
Solution which has maximum dissolved compounds.
scarecrow
Predator deterrent; in ponds, a water spray connected to an infrared detector.
siphon
Tube between two different levels, drawing water from the higher level.
skimmer
Unit that skims debris off of the pond surface.
sludge
Muck settling in the pond bottom or trapped in filters; made up of many organic debris including fish waste, partially decomposing plant material, etc.
static head
Vertical distance you raise the water above the pond surface.
stream
Flow of water, typically with less than a 45 degree slope.
sump
The lowest point to which water flows, a drain, reservoir, pit.
submersible pump
Pump that sits in water at all times.
thermocline
A rapid temperature change between two water depths.
trace elements
Chemicals that are needed in small amounts by pond organisms to grow optimally.
transformer
Device that converts electrical current. Typically these convert household 115 volt electricity to 12 volt for pond lighting.
tuber
Underground storage organ of a plant that can be either part of the stem or the root.
turion
A surviving bud formed along underwater roots.
ultraviolet sterilizer
A device that uses ultraviolet light to kill free-floating algae, bacteria, and other tiny organisms.
underlayment
Geo-textile material placed beneath pond liner to protect the liner from puncture.
union
Pipe fitting used for disconnecting purposes, the fitting couples two sections of PVC together and then can be unthreaded to disconnect.
up-flow filter
Filter in which the water enters at the bottom then flows up through filter media before exiting.
ultra violet light
Used to kill free floating algae.
venturi
Type of valve used for aerating ponds.
watercourse
Flow of water, typically with less than a 45 degree slope.
waterfall
Vertical drop of water.
waterfall tank
A basin that fills and overflows with water creating a waterfall.
waterfall well
Unit that sits in a pondless or disappearing waterfall basin to house the pump and maintain water volume for circulation.
water garden
Water feature with focus on plants, but may also contain fish.
weir
The spillway of a waterfall or the opening on a pond skimmer.
winter turbidity
Degree of water cloudiness due to matter insuspension.
zone
Distinctive habitat, part of a water garden (deep water, water margin, bog, stream, water meadow, moisture garden).
zooplankton
Animals occurring in the water that are often microscopic in size. Important natural algae filtering species.
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